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KPV

V251230-09

$54.99

Research Use Only

All products are intended solely for laboratory research and are not for human or animal consumption. By purchasing, the buyer agrees to use these products in compliance with all applicable laws.

Certificate of Analysis

Third-party tested for 99% purity, ID, quantity.

Certificate of Analysis

Third-party tested for endotoxins

KPV Overview

KPV is a small tripeptide derived from the C-terminus of α-MSH that retains signaling activity while lacking melanotropic effects. Through PepT1-mediated uptake in epithelial and macrophage models, KPV directly accesses intracellular compartments where it modulates NF-κB signaling and reduces expression of key cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Research models examine KPV’s effects on cytokine signaling cascades, epithelial barrier dynamics through tight junction protein regulation, mucosal modeling in experimental systems, and antimicrobial properties in laboratory settings.

Dalmasso et al. (2008). Brzoska et al. (2008).

History

The cytokine-modulating properties of the KPV sequence were first identified in the late 1980s through structure-activity studies of α-MSH by Hiltz, Lipton, and colleagues. Systematic truncation experiments demonstrated that this C-terminal tripeptide retained significant immunomodulatory activity despite its minimal size, representing the smallest effective sequence for cytokine-modulating action. Subsequent mechanistic studies by Dalmasso et al. in 2008 elucidated the PepT1-mediated epithelial uptake mechanism, establishing KPV’s potential for targeting signaling pathways in experimental mucosal models.

Hiltz & Lipton (1989). Dalmasso et al. (2008).

KPV Structure

Chemical Structure Diagram

Formula: C₁₆H₂₈N₆O₅
Molecular Weight: 388.4 g/mol
PubChem ID: 16129619

Research Findings

KPV has been extensively studied in cytokine signaling research, with investigations focusing on NF-κB pathway modulation, epithelial signaling models, barrier dynamics, and immune modulation in various experimental systems. Studies examine both its unique transporter-mediated delivery and potent cytokine-modulating mechanisms.

Key Areas of Research:

  • Cytokine: NF-κB, MAPK, suppression

  • Epithelial: Mucosal signaling, modeling

  • Barrier: Tight junction, permeability, integrity

  • Immune: Peptide-receptor, macrophage, T-cell

Together, these investigations demonstrate KPV’s multifaceted cytokine-modulating actions through PepT1-mediated uptake and direct intracellular signaling modulation. As a minimal bioactive sequence, KPV provides a research framework for examining peptide-based cytokine mechanisms, epithelial immune signaling, and barrier dynamics in diverse experimental models.

Dalmasso et al., Gastroenterology, 2008

Brzoska et al., Inammation Research, 2008

Getting et al., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2003

Our Process

STEP 1

Precision Lyophilization

Manufactured in a controlled U.S. facility under strict compounding standards.

STEP 2

Verified Purity

Every batch third-party tested with HPLC and mass spectrometry.

STEP 3

Same-Day Fulfillment

Orders dispatched same-day from our
U.S. facility.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Everything you need to know about our products and processes.

Each vial contains exactly what’s shown on the label. For example, a 10mg vial has exactly 10mg of lyophilized peptide. Researchers can divide it into smaller portions—like four 2.5mg measurements—but the total amount remains 10mg.

Peptides are supplied as lyophilized powder. They do not come reconstituted, and any extra supplies must be sourced separately for research applications.
 
In lyophilized powder form, peptides stay stable for up to 2 years. After reconstitution, it should be refrigerated and is generally stable for up to 2 months.
 
Products from us do not include usage instructions, as they are strictly for in vitro research and prohibited by law for human or animal use. Misuse or unlawful application will result in permanent denial of service.
 
Lyophilized peptides should be stored away from heat and light. Once reconstituted, they must be refrigerated to maintain stability and efficacy.
 
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